Table 3 Guide to Abbreviations and Connotations of Variables Used in Conceptual Model

CSR Communication

VCOM

“The process of communicating the social and environmental effects of organizations’ economic actions to particular interest groups within society and to the society at large” (Gray et al. 1996).

(Variable) Corporate Social Responsibility

VCSR

“The formal and informal ways in which business makes a contribution to improving the governance, social, ethical, labour, environmental conditions of the developing countries in which they operate, while remaining sensitive to prevailing religions, historical and cultural contexts” (Visser 2008). Here, the context is India.

Firm Performance

VFP

Non-financial performance; “intangible benefits for the company such as corporate reputation and image” (Schwaiger 2004).