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International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility

Table 5 Pearson correlation matrix

From: Concealing social responsibility? Investigating the relationship between CSR, earnings management and the effect of industry through quantitative analysis

Variable

EM

CSR

SIC

INDUS

ROA

SIZE

GROWTH

LEV

MTB

RD

BIG4

EM

1.0000

          

CSR

− 0.0057

1.0000

         

INDUS

0.0258*

0.1148***

1.0000

        

SIC

− 0.0387***

− 0.0912***

− 0.9367***

1.0000

       

SIZE

− 0.1917***

0.0923***

− 0.1885***

0.1292***

1.0000

      

ROA

− 0.2125***

0.0501***

0.0410***

− 0.0308**

0.2459***

1.0000

     

LEV

0.0274**

− 0.0694***

− 0.1587***

0.0781***

0.3360***

−0.1944***

1.0000

    

GROWTH

− 0.0615***

− 0.0293**

− 0.0512***

0.0536***

0.0046

− 0.1049***

0.0289**

1.0000

   

MTB

0.0708***

0.0790***

0.0249*

− 0.0483***

− 0.0625***

0.0588***

− 0.0142

− 0.0678***

1.0000

  

RD

0.1398***

0.0061

− 0.0924***

0.0590***

− 0.2222***

− 0.4346***

0.0464***

0.0884***

0.0667***

1.0000

 

BIG4

− 0.0623***

0.0293**

0.0445***

0.0378***

0.2319***

0.0010

0.1148***

− 0.0208

− 0.0097

0.0117

1.0000

  1. * Significant at p < 0.10; ** Significant at p < 0.05; *** Significant at p < 0.01
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