Table 1 Socio-demographic and socio-economic control variables as determinants of personal well-being, descriptive statistics from the estimation sample

Model vs. control village and participation in MVP activities

1 = person from control village

2 = non-participant, Kadivala

3 = non-participant, Mangalagudda

4 = participant in at least one MVP activity, Kadivala

5 = participant in at least one MVP activity, Mangalagudda

 Gender

0 = male

1 = female

 Age

0 = 15- < 25 years

1 = 25 - < 40 years

2 = 40- < 55 years

3 = 55+ years

 Marital status

0 = never married,

1 = currently married,

2 = widowed, divorced, separated

 Caste

0 = Upper caste

1 = Other backward caste

2 = Scheduled tribes

3 = Scheduled castes

4 = Other or Muslim / Christian

 Low personal spendings

0 = able to spend 420 INR per month individually

1 = not able to spend 420 INR per month individually

 Land and livestock ownership of the household

0 = owns land and livestock

1 = owns land or livestock

2 = owns neither land nor livestock

 Debt problems sometimes or often

0 = No

1 = Yes

 No work

0 = does work

1 = does not work

 Illiteracy

0 = can read and write

1 = cannot read and write

 Illness

0 = does have no illness often

1 = has at least one illness often