Table 2 Results from multivariate analyses. Estimated coefficients
Logit model | Ordered logit model | Multinomial logit model | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
0 = no change or worse 1 = a bit or very much improved | 0 = no change or worse 1 = a bit improved 2 = very much improved | Outcome “a bit improved” (base: no change/worse) | Outcome “very much improved” | |
Variables on MVP participation | ||||
Person from Kadivala, no participation | 0.284 | 0.295 | 0.255 | 0.631 |
(Reference group: person from control village) | (0.50) | (0.46) | (0.55) | (0.44) |
Person from Mangalagudda, no participation | 0.345 | 0.274 | 0.350 | 0.362 |
(0.06)* | (0.11) | (0.06)* | (0.35) | |
Person from Kadivala, participation in at least 1 activity | 1.276 | 1.431 | 1.112 | 2.468 |
(0.00)*** | (0.00)*** | (0.00)*** | (0.00)*** | |
Person from Mangalagudda, participation in at least 1 activity | 1.070 | 0.912 | 1.034 | 1.470 |
(0.00)*** | (0.00)*** | (0.00)*** | (0.00)*** | |
Socio-demographic variables | ||||
Women | 0.192 | 0.164 | 0.188 | 0.249 |
(0.11) | (0.13) | (0.12) | (0.25) | |
25- < 40 years (reference: 15- < 25 years) | −0.405 | −0.274 | −0.411 | −0.355 |
(0.07)* | (0.13) | (0.07)* | (0.33) | |
40- < 55 years (reference: 15- < 25 years) | − 0.540 | − 0.403 | − 0.538 | − 0.551 |
(0.03)** | (0.04)** | (0.03)** | (0.16) | |
55 years+ (reference: 15- < 25 years) | −0.838 | −0.710 | − 0.823 | −1.007 |
(0.00)*** | (0.00)*** | (0.00)*** | (0.02)** | |
Currently married (reference: never married) | 0.495 | 0.458 | 0.467 | 0.749 |
(0.04)** | (0.03)** | (0.06)* | (0.09)* | |
Widowed, Divorced, Separated | 0.198 | 0.254 | 0.142 | 0.765 |
(reference: never married) | (0.53) | (0.39) | (0.66) | (0.22) |
Other backward castes (reference: upper castes) | −0.084 | −0.291 | −0.011 | −0.561 |
(0.79) | (0.30) | (0.97) | (0.21) | |
Scheduled tribes (ST) (reference: upper castes) | −0.339 | −0.646 | − 0.207 | −1.783 |
(0.36) | (0.06)* | (0.57) | (0.03)** | |
Scheduled castes (SC) (reference: upper castes) | −0.104 | −0.255 | − 0.044 | −0.431 |
(0.75) | (0.40) | (0.89) | (0.39) | |
Other castes or Muslims/Christians (ref.: upper castes) | −0.725 | − 0.917 | −0.632 | −1.433 |
(0.06)* | (0.01)** | (0.10)* | (0.10)* | |
Socio-economic variables | ||||
Personal income: not able to spend 420 INR or more individually per month in 2011 (1=Yes) | −0.256 | −0.210 | −0.255 | − 0.277 |
(0.03)** | (0.05)** | (0.03)** | (0.19) | |
Sometimes or often debt problems (1 = Yes) | −0.347 | −0.244 | − 0.360 | −0.208 |
(0.01)*** | (0.04)** | (0.01)*** | (0.40) | |
Livestock or land (1 = Yes, ref.: livestock and land) | −0.110 | − 0.101 | −0.109 | − 0.116 |
(0.47) | (0.48) | (0.47) | (0.68) | |
No Livestock and no land (1 = Yes) | −0.606 | −0.596 | − 0.576 | −0.942 |
(0.00)*** | (0.00)*** | (0.00)*** | (0.01)*** | |
No work in 2011 (1 = Yes) | −0.387 | − 0.303 | −0.410 | − 0.166 |
(0.03)** | (0.09)* | (0.03)** | (0.64) | |
Illiteracy in 2011 (1 = Yes) | −0.302 | −0.323 | − 0.269 | −0.636 |
(0.02)** | (0.01)*** | (0.04)** | (0.01)*** | |
Person has at least one illness often in 2011 | −0.181 | − 0.241 | −0.146 | − 0.564 |
(0.18) | (0.05)* | (0.29) | (0.04)** | |
Constant(s) | 1.328 | −1.391 | 1.185 | −0.917 |
(0.00)*** | (0.00)*** | (0.00)*** | (0.15) | |
2.297 | ||||
(0.00)*** | ||||
Number of observations | 1812 | 1812 | 1812 | 1812 |
Wald test for model | 128.17 | 160.14 | 173.01 | |
(0.000)* | (0.000)*** | (0.000)*** | ||
Pseudo R2 | 0.0792 | 0.0665 | 0.0744 | |