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Table 3 Correlation coefficients matrix

From: Is capital structure associated with corporate social responsibility?

variable

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

(11)

(12)

(13)

(14)

(15)

(16)

(17)

(18)

(19)

(1) lev

1.0000

0.8080*

0.2409*

0.1851*

0.9998*

0.8632*

0.2239*

0.1939*

0.0523*

-0.1953*

-0.0123

0.2226*

0.0026

-0.0704*

-0.0013

-0.2387*

0.0405*

-0.0370*

0.1078*

(2) levab

0.6667*

1.0000

0.2070*

0.1451*

0.8080*

0.7347*

0.1806*

0.1450*

0.0034

-0.2067*

-0.0537*

0.1650*

0.0105

-0.1086*

-0.0141*

-0.2013*

0.0411*

-0.0045

0.0764*

(3) levdif

0.2843*

0.1217*

1.0000

0.8657*

0.2404*

0.2002*

0.9415*

0.8161*

-0.1034*

-0.1746*

-0.1087*

0.0289*

0.0309*

0.0108

-0.0141*

0.0206*

0.0057

-0.0080

0.0166*

(4) levdifd

0.1576*

0.1362*

0.4369*

1.0000

0.1849*

0.1549*

0.8498*

0.9387*

-0.0781*

-0.1346*

-0.0855*

0.0241*

0.0298*

0.0080

-0.0229*

0.0271*

-0.0017

-0.0118

0.0144*

(5) debt

0.8077*

0.8191*

0.1556*

0.1739*

1.0000

0.8632*

0.2252*

0.1949*

0.0527*

-0.1952*

-0.0120

0.2229*

0.0020

-0.0702*

-0.0020

-0.2392*

0.0405*

-0.0369*

0.1083*

(6) debtab

0.5930*

0.7415*

0.1008*

0.1436*

0.8352*

1.0000

0.1900*

0.1600*

0.0304*

-0.1919*

-0.0378*

0.1869*

-0.0148*

-0.0587*

-0.0045

-0.1984*

0.0212*

-0.0302*

0.0970*

(7) debtdif

0.1769*

0.1932*

0.6496*

0.6272*

0.2346*

0.1924*

1.0000

0.8660*

-0.0806*

-0.1500*

-0.0848*

0.0276*

0.0287*

0.0146*

-0.0198*

0.0301*

0.0055

-0.0073

0.0175*

(8) debtdifd

0.1310*

0.1383*

0.3887*

0.9366*

0.1851*

0.1509*

0.6329*

1.0000

-0.0596*

-0.1169*

-0.0654*

0.0309*

0.0242*

0.0040

-0.0265*

0.0260*

0.0026

-0.0118

0.0146*

(9) scv

-0.1051*

-0.0492*

-0.1473*

-0.1162*

-0.0192*

-0.0176*

-0.1139*

-0.0933*

1.0000

0.5793*

0.7396*

0.7215*

0.2101*

0.0418*

0.0148*

-0.0550*

0.3906*

-0.0933*

0.1267*

(10) sroa

-0.1826*

-0.1431*

-0.1965*

-0.1329*

-0.1353*

-0.1269*

-0.1758*

-0.1152*

0.5967*

1.0000

0.8698*

-0.0038

0.4463*

-0.2258*

0.1539*

0.1581*

0.1235*

0.0792*

-0.0773*

(11) scvps

-0.0528*

-0.0362*

-0.0467*

-0.0416*

-0.0220*

-0.0352*

-0.0373*

-0.0332*

0.3167*

0.4983*

1.0000

0.2523*

0.4248*

-0.1804*

0.0419*

0.0850*

0.2609*

0.0568*

-0.0495*

(12) asset

0.1079*

0.1249*

0.0532*

0.0363*

0.1734*

0.1460*

0.0520*

0.0415*

0.2776*

-0.0367*

0.1880*

1.0000

-0.0894*

0.2420*

-0.0648*

-0.1800*

0.4029*

-0.2018*

0.2293*

(13) mtb

0.1518*

0.0287*

0.0548*

0.0196*

0.0332*

0.0052

0.0077

0.0075

-0.0355*

0.0943*

0.1531*

-0.1198*

1.0000

-0.1712*

0.0732*

0.1744*

0.1913*

0.0810*

-0.0525*

(14) tang

-0.1031*

-0.1203*

0.0351*

0.0155*

-0.1006*

-0.0708*

0.0335*

0.0126*

-0.0501*

-0.2026*

-0.1037*

0.2957*

-0.1007*

1.0000

0.1639*

-0.0796*

0.0866*

-0.0602*

0.1805*

(15) dep

0.0812*

0.0511*

0.0252*

-0.0150*

0.0670*

0.0504*

0.0040

-0.0198*

-0.0477*

0.0481*

0.0239*

0.0096

0.0692*

0.1490*

1.0000

0.1795*

0.0166*

0.0629*

0.0309*

(16) rd

-0.0216*

-0.0181*

0.0011

0.0042

-0.0387*

-0.0226*

0.0025

0.0028

-0.0689*

-0.0547*

-0.0256*

-0.0117*

0.0485*

-0.0308*

-0.0081

1.0000

-0.1632*

-0.0831*

-0.0707*

(17) insthold

0.0516*

0.0383*

-0.0058

-0.0063

0.0391*

0.0195*

0.0051

-0.0033

0.1696*

0.1275*

0.2125*

0.3901*

0.0970*

0.0731*

0.1020*

0.0155*

1.0000

0.2925*

0.0255*

(18) dirhold

0.0420*

0.0180*

-0.0176*

-0.0141*

-0.0013

-0.0084

-0.0084

-0.0132*

0.0232*

0.1083*

0.0467*

-0.1384*

0.0533*

-0.0747*

0.0906*

-0.0078

0.4234*

1.0000

-0.1215*

(19) pledge

0.0576*

0.0843*

0.0142*

0.0165*

0.0991*

0.0962*

0.0218*

0.0159*

-0.0250*

-0.1009*

-0.0681*

0.1481*

-0.0315*

0.1423*

0.0068

0.0292*

-0.0077

-0.1210*

1.0000

  1. This table reports the pairwise Pearson correlation coefficients (lower triangular elements) and Spearman rank correlation coefficients (upper triangular elements) among variables. The data period is from 2007 to 2020. The asterisk mark means that a correlation coefficient reaches a significance level of 5%. Please refer to Table 1 for the definitions of variables