From: Board gender diversity and corporate social responsibility
Variable | Panel A. Full samples | Panel B. Samples of firms with fdd =1 | Samples of firms with fdd =0 | Difference in mean | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Num. of obs. | Mean | Std. Dev. | Min | Max | Num. of obs. | Mean | Std. Dev. | Min | Max | Num. of obs. | Mean | Std. Dev. | Min | Max | ||
csrdummy | 22,260 | 0.0295 | 0.1692 | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | 10,675 | 0.0358 | 0.1858 | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | 9,226 | 0.0289 | 0.1676 | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.0068*** |
csrcumu | 22,260 | 0.1921 | 1.0758 | 0.0000 | 14.000 | 10,675 | 0.2408 | 1.2376 | 0.0000 | 14.0000 | 9,226 | 0.1825 | 1.0023 | 0.0000 | 14.000 | 0.0583*** |
csrcont | 22,260 | 0.0031 | 0.0560 | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | 10,675 | 0.0049 | 0.0696 | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | 9,226 | 0.0020 | 0.0441 | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.0029*** |
csrovlp | 22,260 | 0.0049 | 0.0698 | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | 10,675 | 0.0067 | 0.0813 | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | 9,226 | 0.0041 | 0.0640 | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.0025** |
scv | 19,390 | 10.380 | 7.5487 | -13.478 | 17.014 | 9,919 | 10.524 | 7.4699 | -13.478 | 17.014 | 8,461 | 10.275 | 7.7319 | -13.478 | 17.014 | 0.2486** |
sroa | 19,390 | 12.488 | 12.164 | -25.943 | 49.269 | 9,919 | 12.026 | 11.604 | -25.943 | 49.269 | 8,461 | 12.070 | 11.857 | -25.943 | 49.269 | -0.0436 |
scvps | 17,131 | 4.4248 | 5.1469 | -3.4267 | 27.536 | 9,218 | 4.5429 | 5.3374 | -3.4267 | 27.536 | 7,887 | 4.2928 | 4.9150 | -3.4267 | 27.536 | 0.2501*** |
fdd | 19,901 | 0.5364 | 0.4987 | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | 10,675 | 1.0000 | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 9,226 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 1.0000 |
fdn | 19,901 | 0.7911 | 0.9217 | 0.0000 | 6.0000 | 10,675 | 1.4748 | 0.7584 | 1.0000 | 6.0000 | 9,226 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 1.4748*** |
fdr | 19,901 | 11.024 | 12.766 | 0.0000 | 55.556 | 10,675 | 20.552 | 10.393 | 5.0000 | 55.556 | 9,226 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 20.552*** |
fidd | 19,901 | 0.1601 | 0.3667 | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | 10,675 | 0.2985 | 0.4576 | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | 9,226 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.2985*** |
asset | 21,155 | 15.010 | 1.4058 | 11.996 | 19.479 | 10,674 | 15.141 | 1.3773 | 11.996 | 19.479 | 9,226 | 15.057 | 1.3595 | 11.996 | 19.479 | 0.0842*** |
debt | 21,155 | 35.987 | 17.864 | 2.4870 | 83.883 | 10,674 | 35.952 | 17.686 | 2.4870 | 83.883 | 9,226 | 35.494 | 17.522 | 2.4870 | 83.883 | 0.4578* |
roa | 20,833 | 7.6079 | 10.303 | -27.707 | 35.870 | 10,673 | 7.4062 | 9.7948 | -27.707 | 35.870 | 9,225 | 7.3320 | 10.315 | -27.707 | 35.870 | 0.0742 |
insthold | 19,990 | 38.975 | 22.706 | 1.0089 | 92.171 | 10,661 | 39.949 | 22.779 | 1.0089 | 92.171 | 9,220 | 37.804 | 22.544 | 1.0089 | 92.171 | 2.1447*** |
family | 20,008 | 0.6192 | 0.4856 | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | 10,675 | 0.6606 | 0.4735 | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | 9,222 | 0.5719 | 0.4948 | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.0887*** |